{
 "cells": [
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2021-03-04T18:21:22.822563Z",
     "start_time": "2021-03-04T18:21:18.656643Z"
    }
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   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%pylab inline"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Notebook magic"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2021-03-05T06:53:22.506665Z",
     "start_time": "2021-03-05T06:53:22.499658Z"
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   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from IPython.core.magic import Magics, magics_class, line_cell_magic\n",
    "from IPython.core.magic import cell_magic, register_cell_magic, register_line_magic\n",
    "from IPython.core.magic_arguments import argument, magic_arguments, parse_argstring\n",
    "import subprocess\n",
    "import os"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2021-03-05T06:53:23.127314Z",
     "start_time": "2021-03-05T06:53:23.103181Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "@magics_class\n",
    "class PyboardMagic(Magics):\n",
    "    @cell_magic\n",
    "    @magic_arguments()\n",
    "    @argument('-skip')\n",
    "    @argument('-unix')\n",
    "    @argument('-pyboard')\n",
    "    @argument('-file')\n",
    "    @argument('-data')\n",
    "    @argument('-time')\n",
    "    @argument('-memory')\n",
    "    def micropython(self, line='', cell=None):\n",
    "        args = parse_argstring(self.micropython, line)\n",
    "        if args.skip: # doesn't care about the cell's content\n",
    "            print('skipped execution')\n",
    "            return None # do not parse the rest\n",
    "        if args.unix: # tests the code on the unix port. Note that this works on unix only\n",
    "            with open('/dev/shm/micropython.py', 'w') as fout:\n",
    "                fout.write(cell)\n",
    "            proc = subprocess.Popen([\"../../micropython/ports/unix/micropython\", \"/dev/shm/micropython.py\"], \n",
    "                                    stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)\n",
    "            print(proc.stdout.read().decode(\"utf-8\"))\n",
    "            print(proc.stderr.read().decode(\"utf-8\"))\n",
    "            return None\n",
    "        if args.file: # can be used to copy the cell content onto the pyboard's flash\n",
    "            spaces = \"    \"\n",
    "            try:\n",
    "                with open(args.file, 'w') as fout:\n",
    "                    fout.write(cell.replace('\\t', spaces))\n",
    "                    printf('written cell to {}'.format(args.file))\n",
    "            except:\n",
    "                print('Failed to write to disc!')\n",
    "            return None # do not parse the rest\n",
    "        if args.data: # can be used to load data from the pyboard directly into kernel space\n",
    "            message = pyb.exec(cell)\n",
    "            if len(message) == 0:\n",
    "                print('pyboard >>>')\n",
    "            else:\n",
    "                print(message.decode('utf-8'))\n",
    "                # register new variable in user namespace\n",
    "                self.shell.user_ns[args.data] = string_to_matrix(message.decode(\"utf-8\"))\n",
    "        \n",
    "        if args.time: # measures the time of executions\n",
    "            pyb.exec('import utime')\n",
    "            message = pyb.exec('t = utime.ticks_us()\\n' + cell + '\\ndelta = utime.ticks_diff(utime.ticks_us(), t)' + \n",
    "                               \"\\nprint('execution time: {:d} us'.format(delta))\")\n",
    "            print(message.decode('utf-8'))\n",
    "        \n",
    "        if args.memory: # prints out memory information \n",
    "            message = pyb.exec('from micropython import mem_info\\nprint(mem_info())\\n')\n",
    "            print(\"memory before execution:\\n========================\\n\", message.decode('utf-8'))\n",
    "            message = pyb.exec(cell)\n",
    "            print(\">>> \", message.decode('utf-8'))\n",
    "            message = pyb.exec('print(mem_info())')\n",
    "            print(\"memory after execution:\\n========================\\n\", message.decode('utf-8'))\n",
    "\n",
    "        if args.pyboard:\n",
    "            message = pyb.exec(cell)\n",
    "            print(message.decode('utf-8'))\n",
    "\n",
    "ip = get_ipython()\n",
    "ip.register_magics(PyboardMagic)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## pyboard"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 57,
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2020-05-07T07:35:35.126401Z",
     "start_time": "2020-05-07T07:35:35.105824Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pyboard\n",
    "pyb = pyboard.Pyboard('/dev/ttyACM0')\n",
    "pyb.enter_raw_repl()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2020-05-19T19:11:18.145548Z",
     "start_time": "2020-05-19T19:11:18.137468Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "pyb.exit_raw_repl()\n",
    "pyb.close()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 58,
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2020-05-07T07:35:38.725924Z",
     "start_time": "2020-05-07T07:35:38.645488Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%micropython -pyboard 1\n",
    "\n",
    "import utime\n",
    "import ulab as np\n",
    "\n",
    "def timeit(n=1000):\n",
    "    def wrapper(f, *args, **kwargs):\n",
    "        func_name = str(f).split(' ')[1]\n",
    "        def new_func(*args, **kwargs):\n",
    "            run_times = np.zeros(n, dtype=np.uint16)\n",
    "            for i in range(n):\n",
    "                t = utime.ticks_us()\n",
    "                result = f(*args, **kwargs)\n",
    "                run_times[i] = utime.ticks_diff(utime.ticks_us(), t)\n",
    "            print('{}() execution times based on {} cycles'.format(func_name, n, (delta2-delta1)/n))\n",
    "            print('\\tbest: %d us'%np.min(run_times))\n",
    "            print('\\tworst: %d us'%np.max(run_times))\n",
    "            print('\\taverage: %d us'%np.mean(run_times))\n",
    "            print('\\tdeviation: +/-%.3f us'%np.std(run_times))            \n",
    "            return result\n",
    "        return new_func\n",
    "    return wrapper\n",
    "\n",
    "def timeit(f, *args, **kwargs):\n",
    "    func_name = str(f).split(' ')[1]\n",
    "    def new_func(*args, **kwargs):\n",
    "        t = utime.ticks_us()\n",
    "        result = f(*args, **kwargs)\n",
    "        print('execution time: ', utime.ticks_diff(utime.ticks_us(), t), ' us')\n",
    "        return result\n",
    "    return new_func"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "__END_OF_DEFS__"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# ulab utilities\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "There might be cases, when the format of your data does not conform to `ulab`, i.e., there is no obvious way to map the data to any of the five supported `dtype`s. A trivial example is an ADC or microphone signal with 32-bit resolution. For such cases, `ulab` defines the `utils` module, which, at the moment, has four functions that are not `numpy` compatible, but which should ease interfacing `ndarray`s to peripheral devices. \n",
    "\n",
    "The `utils` module can be enabled by setting the `ULAB_HAS_UTILS_MODULE` constant to 1 in  [ulab.h](https://github.com/v923z/micropython-ulab/blob/master/code/ulab.h):\n",
    "\n",
    "```c\n",
    "#ifndef ULAB_HAS_UTILS_MODULE\n",
    "#define ULAB_HAS_UTILS_MODULE               (1)\n",
    "#endif\n",
    "```\n",
    "\n",
    "This still does not compile any functions into the firmware. You can add a function by setting the corresponding pre-processor constant to 1. E.g., \n",
    "\n",
    "```c\n",
    "#ifndef ULAB_UTILS_HAS_FROM_INT16_BUFFER\n",
    "#define ULAB_UTILS_HAS_FROM_INT16_BUFFER    (1)\n",
    "#endif\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## from_int32_buffer, from_uint32_buffer\n",
    "\n",
    "With the help of `utils.from_int32_buffer`, and `utils.from_uint32_buffer`, it is possible to convert 32-bit integer buffers to `ndarrays` of float type. These functions have a syntax similar to `numpy.frombuffer`; they support the `count=-1`, and `offset=0` keyword arguments.  However, in addition, they also accept `out=None`, and `byteswap=False`. \n",
    "\n",
    "Here is an example without keyword arguments"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2021-03-05T06:53:26.256516Z",
     "start_time": "2021-03-05T06:53:26.007070Z"
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   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "a:  bytearray(b'\\x01\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\xff')\n",
      "\n",
      "unsigned integers:  array([257.0, 4278190080.000001], dtype=float64)\n",
      "\n",
      "b:   bytearray(b'\\x01\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\xff')\n",
      "\n",
      "signed integers:  array([257.0, -16777216.0], dtype=float64)\n",
      "\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%micropython -unix 1\n",
    "\n",
    "from ulab import numpy as np\n",
    "from ulab import utils\n",
    "\n",
    "a = bytearray([1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 255])\n",
    "print('a: ', a)\n",
    "print()\n",
    "print('unsigned integers: ', utils.from_uint32_buffer(a))\n",
    "\n",
    "b = bytearray([1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 255])\n",
    "print('\\nb:  ', b)\n",
    "print()\n",
    "print('signed integers: ', utils.from_int32_buffer(b))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The meaning of `count`, and `offset` is similar to that in `numpy.frombuffer`. `count` is the number of floats that will be converted, while `offset` would discard the first `offset` number of bytes from the buffer before the conversion.\n",
    "\n",
    "In the example above, repeated calls to either of the functions returns a new `ndarray`.  You can save RAM by supplying the `out` keyword argument with a pre-defined `ndarray` of sufficient size, in which case the results will be inserted into the `ndarray`. If the `dtype` of `out` is not `float`, a `TypeError` exception will be raised."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2021-03-05T06:53:41.551440Z",
     "start_time": "2021-03-05T06:53:41.534163Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "b:  bytearray(b'\\x01\\x00\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x01\\x00\\x01')\n",
      "a:  array([65537.0, 16777472.0], dtype=float64)\n",
      "\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%micropython -unix 1\n",
    "\n",
    "from ulab import numpy as np\n",
    "from ulab import utils\n",
    "\n",
    "a = np.array([1, 2], dtype=np.float)\n",
    "b = bytearray([1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1])\n",
    "print('b: ', b)\n",
    "utils.from_uint32_buffer(b, out=a)\n",
    "print('a: ', a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Finally, since there is no guarantee that the endianness of a particular peripheral device supplying the buffer is the same as that of the microcontroller, `from_(u)intbuffer` allows a conversion via the `byteswap` keyword argument."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2021-03-05T06:53:52.242950Z",
     "start_time": "2021-03-05T06:53:52.229160Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "a:  bytearray(b'\\x01\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x01')\n",
      "buffer without byteswapping:  array([1.0, 16777216.0], dtype=float64)\n",
      "buffer with byteswapping:  array([16777216.0, 1.0], dtype=float64)\n",
      "\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%micropython -unix 1\n",
    "\n",
    "from ulab import numpy as np\n",
    "from ulab import utils\n",
    "\n",
    "a = bytearray([1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1])\n",
    "print('a: ', a)\n",
    "print('buffer without byteswapping: ', utils.from_uint32_buffer(a))\n",
    "print('buffer with byteswapping: ', utils.from_uint32_buffer(a, byteswap=True))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## from_int16_buffer, from_uint16_buffer\n",
    "\n",
    "These two functions are identical to `utils.from_int32_buffer`, and `utils.from_uint32_buffer`, with the exception that they convert 16-bit integers to floating point `ndarray`s. "
   ]
  },
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
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